PRODUCTIVITY AND STRUCTURE OF THE PEA CROP UNDER VARIOUS METHODS OF TILLAGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION
2020
Turusov, V.I. | Garmashov, V.M. | Kornilov, I.M. | Nuzhnaya, N.A. | Govorov, V.N. | Kryachkova, M.P.
As a result of researches it is established that in soil-climatic conditions of the Southeast of the Central Chernozem zone the highest yields of pea and effectiveness of applied fertilizers obtained by moldboard tillage (plowing to a depth of 14-16 – 20-22 cm). Reducing the depth of plowing in the dump tillage system and saturating the tillage system in the crop rotation with non-fallow loosening leads to a decrease in the productivity of peas and the effectiveness of fertilizers used. An increase in the share of non-tillage in the crop rotation system to 60% leads to a significant decrease in the yield of peas. The greatest decrease in productivity was observed in the non-tillage system of tillage in the grain crop rotation; with multi-depth flat-cut processing, it was 0.24 t/ha, on a fertilized background-0.31 t/ha, when loosening the plow without dumps to a depth of 25-27 cm – 0.14 t/ha, regardless of the background of fertilization. Increasing the depth of plowing, increasing the turnover of the treated layer (annual multi-depth plowing with a two-tier plow), as well as non-shaft processing do not lead to an increase in the productivity of peas and the effectiveness of fertilizers used. In dry and normal moisture years, the greatest efficiency from the use of fertilizers is obtained when they are applied for plowing. Non-fallow techniques, surface and zero tillage, which ensure the surface concentration of used mineral fertilizers, reduce the effectiveness of their application. In wet years, the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers does not change much depending on the method of soil treatment
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