STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AUTUMN RYE DEPENDING ON VARIETIES AND APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

The structure of the crop is a quantitative and qualitative expression of the vital activity of organs and elements of plants that determine the crop and reflect the interaction of the organism and the environment, at certain stages of growth and development. This article presents the results of the influence of varietal characteristics on the structure of the autumn rye crop, depending on mineral nutrition. Regrowth after affection with snow mold is of great importance for the density of the productive stalk. A number of researchers believe that with an increase in the number of plants per unit area, yield increases to a certain extent. An unreliable increase, depending on the variety and mineral nutrition, also can be traced by the coefficient of productive bushiness. On average, over three years of research, the highest level of bushiness was observed in the Rada variety; it is 2.4 in the case of mineral nutrition, which is 0.48 higher than in the option without fertilizers. The lowest value of this indicator is observed in Tatyana (control variety) – 0.81 against the background of natural fertility, which is 0.11 lower than in the case with the introduction of Azofoska at a dose of 1.5 c/ha The average number of grains in the variant with the introduction of mineral nutrition is 50.8 pcs., which is 8.96% more than in the control sample. A significant increase in the number of grains from the introduction of mineral nutrition is noted in the Rada variety, and in the other varieties, the increase is insignificant. With an increase in bushiness, the number of grains in the spike decreases. Mineral fertilizers have a positive effect on the structure of the crop. According to the results of the correlation analysis of the elements of the crop structure in winter rye varieties, we have established a strong positive relationship between productivity and the coefficient of productive bushiness; it is 0.92 (Tatyana variety); 0.91 (Moscow variety 15) and 0.82 (Rada variety). There is also a positive correlation between the yield and the number of grains in the spike (r = 0.80; 0.87; 0.90; in Tatyana, and Moskow varieties, and 15 in Rada variety) and the height of the plants (r = 0.76; 0.81; 0.71 for Tatyana, and Moskow varieties, and 15 for Rada variety).