Contrôle chromosomique des populations porcines françaises
2017
Ducos, Alain | Calgaro, Anne | MOUNEY, Nathalie | Loustau, Anne-Marie | REVEL, Clemence | Barasc, Harmonie | Mary, Nicolas | Pinton, Alain
Large-scale chromosomal control of pig populations was initiated in France (ENVT-INRA cytogenetics platform) in the early 90’s (ISO 9001 certification since 2012.The objectives and principles of this monitoring programme were initially presented at the JRP meeting in 1997.More than 31,000 pigs have been karyotyped since that date. Most of them were young purebred boars controlled before being used in artificial insemination centres (all breeds concerned).The annual number of karyotyped pigs has been stable since 2010 (around 1900/year). Each individual is systematically subjected to GTG-banding to detect any chromosomal abnormality (at a 5-10 Mb resolution). During the last 20 years,176 new constitutional structural chromosomal rearrangements have been identified in our laboratory (almost 9/year on average). The most frequent ones have been reciprocal translocations (152, i.e. 87%), inversions (18, i.e. 10%) and Robertsonian translocations (4, i.e. 2%). More than 20 cases of XX/XY chimaerism have been identified. Aneuploidies have mostly concerned the sex chromosomes, and the carriers were generally mosaics (especially XY/XYY). The overall prevalence of balanced constitutional structural chromosomal rearrangements is about 0.5%. This kind of rearrangement generally leads to severe reproductive defects (infertility, strong reduction of the litter size of the carriers and/or of their mates).Therefore, the chromosomal control programme carried out in France over thepast 20 years has prevented huge economic losses for the pig industry.
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