An update of the tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) distribution and African animal trypanosomosis prevalence in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
2016
de Beer, Chantel J.(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute ,University of the Free State Department of Zoology and Entomology) | Venter, Gert J.(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute ,University of Pretoria Department of Veterinary and Tropical Diseases) | Green, Karin Kappmeier | Esterhuizen, Johan(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute ,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Department of Vector Biology) | de Klerk, Daniel G.(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) | Ntshangase, Jerome(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) | Vreysen, Marc J.B.(Joint Food and Agriculture Organization) | Pienaar, Ronel(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) | Motloang, Makhosazana(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) | Ntantiso, Lundi(Makhathini Research Station) | Latif, Abdalla A.(Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute ,University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science)
An unpredicted outbreak of African animal trypanosomosis or nagana in 1990 in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal necessitated an emergency control programme, utilising the extensive cattle-dipping system in the area, as well as a reassessment of the tsetse and trypanosomosis problem in the province. Since 1990, sporadic blood sampling of cattle at the dip tanks in the nagana-infested areas were undertaken to identify trypanosome species involved and to determine the infection prevalence in cattle. The distribution and species composition of the tsetse populations in the area were also investigated. From November 2005 to November 2007 selected dip tanks were surveyed for trypanosome infection prevalence. During April 2005 to August 2009 the distribution and abundance of tsetse populations were assessed with odour-baited H traps. The tsetse and trypanosome distribution maps were updated and potential correlations between tsetse apparent densities (ADs) and the prevalence of trypanosomosis were assessed. Glossina brevipalpis Newstead and Glossina austeni Newstead were recorded in locations where they have not previously been collected. No significant correlation between tsetse relative abundance and nagana prevalence was found, which indicated complex interactions between tsetse fly presence and disease prevalence. This was epitomised by data that indicated that despite large differences in the ADs of G. austeni and G. brevipalpis, trypanosome infection prevalence was similar in all three districts in the area. This study clearly indicated that both tsetse species play significant roles in trypanosome transmission and that it will be essential that any control strategy, which aims at sustainable management of the disease, should target both species.
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