Influence of grain crop properties on their processing
2021
Iskenderov, R., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Lebedev, A., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Zaharin, A., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Pavlyuk, R., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Lebedev, P., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Marin, N., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation)
Grain crops, after appropriate processing, are used as the main human food product, feed for farm animals and are raw materials for many industries (seed production, deep processing of grain, and others). For each specific direction, the corresponding machines and their complexes are used. The most important operation of grain processing is grinding. This process is accompanied by the formation of an over-grinded flour fraction and the presence in the finished product of intact, not destroyed, grains, which violates the particle size uniformity distribution up to 30…40%. The large particles are usually recycled, while the small ones are either removed from the process or processed on more sophisticated machines, such as extruders. All this leads to excessive consumption of energy, increased wear of the working bodies of machines and a decrease in the quality of the finished product. To increase the reliability and efficiency of the technological process, including grinding, we paid attention to such grain properties as its wear characteristics and the presence of macro and micro injuries. Our experimental analysis of “Yuka” wheat, “Atalis” corn, “Desant” oats and other grain crops showed that up to 24.6% of grains are damaged and may contain 4.7…10% of mineral and trash impurities. These indicators are often ignored or considered insignificant, especially when preparing animal feed. But our experience showed that when grinding wheat grains with a concentration of abrasive particles of 0.4...5.4% in a rotary grain crusher, the wear rate of the counterforce was 0.7...2.8 mm•tE−1. Due to the fact that forage crops initially have up to 30% injured grains, only one action of the working bodies during grinding is enough to obtain the required granulometric composition. The further development of these areas will reduce energy costs; increase the resource of machines and the quality of finished products of the grain processing industry.
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