The use of palm kernel cake (pkc) in diets of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
1997
C.R. Saad | Cheah, S.H. | M.S. Kamarudin
Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry of average size of 3 g were stocked into two earthern ponds of 320 m2 at the Hatchery and Fish Pond Complex Unit, FPSS, Serdang. Each pond was divided into four equal compartments by plastic netting. Each compartment received 300 fish fry. Fish were fed with four experimental diets for nine weeks. Diet 1 contained 0% palm kernel cake (PKC), Diet 2 10% PKC, Diet 3 20% PKC and Diet 4 30% PKC. All diets contained 30% protein. Each diet was randomly assigned to two compartments. Fish were fed twice daily at 10% of body weight. The feeding rate was reduced to 5% of body weight per day with growth. Fish fed diet 1 had the best yield with a value of 124.09 g/m2 followed by fish fed diet 2 (111.44 g/m2), diet 4 (103.31 g/m2) and diet 3 (98.53 g/m2) at the end of the experiment. There were no statistical differences in weight gain (p greater than 0.05). Fish fed diet 3 had the highest average weight gain, with a final weight of 176.8 g, followed by fish fed diet 1 (167.1 g), fish fed diet 3 (144.7 g) and fish fed diet 4 (143.7 g). The best survival rate was obtained in fish fed diet 2 with a value of 82.4% followed by fish fed diets 1, 4 and 3 with values of 79.7%, 76.7% and 60% respectively. The conversion rate was best in fish fed diet 1 with a value of 3.38 followed by fish fed diets 2, 3 and 4 with values of 3.86, 4.08 and 4.54 respectively. However, there were no statistical differences in all of the categories (p greater than 0.05). Inclusion of PKC in the diet can be as high as 30% of the diet as the fish apparently were able to assimilate the dietary PKC satisfactorily since there was no gain in body lipid.
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