B-Hordein Gene Expression During Development of Endosperm in Barley Grains.
2016
H. Azzam | S. Lawand | B. Alsalamah | M. Makhoul
The research was carried out in the molecular biology laboratory at the National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT- Damascus / Syria), during the season of 2013 / 2014, to determine the difference in gene expression levels of B-Hordein during endosperm development in barley grains, also to illustrate its accumulative curve, because B-hordien comprises about 7080%- of all storage proteins. B-Hordein mRNA levels were measured using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), during five phases of grain development in four genotypes representing two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), Furat 9 and Arabi Abiad, and two wild spontaneous barleys (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum), from Raqqa and Hassakeh. The transcripts of B-Hordein genes in cultivated genotypes were detected at 6 days after anthesis (DAA). In Furat 9 and Arabi Abiad genotypes, B-Hordein transcript accumulation increased by 87.25, 84.8 folds respectively from 10 to 25DAA, while wild genotypes of Raqqa and Hassakeh increased gradually until 20 DAA with increase 119.6 and 93.25 folds respectively and decreased subsequently to 74.65 and 73.55 folds at 25 DAA. B-Hordein mRNA level in wild genotypes was significantly higher than in cultivated ones at 14 and 20 days after anthesis.This study showed that the expression of B-Hordein gene is influenced by time and genotype. These data are useful for utilizing the promoters of the B-hordein gene family for genetic engineering and increasing the efficiency of barley breeding program, through improving the grain quality, depending on product end-use, either for feed grain, human food or food industries.
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