EFFICIENCY OF BEAN AND CEREAL MIXES IN DIFFERENT TERMS OF SOWING

The inclusion of plants with different rates of linear growth in the mixed crops makes it possible to create multi-tier crops: in our experiments the lower tier occupied lupine and payza, the upper tier – beans, vica and peas. This placement of plants allows crops to use the energy of sunlight more rationally and prevent moisture from evaporating from the soil A high content of total nitrogen and crude protein (2.77-3.47 and 16.41-18.41%) was found to differ in the bean-cereal mixtures of summer seeding, which was due to the activation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation during a favorable period with optimal temperature and humidity. On average, the content of analyzed indices in green mass on variants with summer sowing was maximum and varied in sugar content in green mass from 4.9 to 6.32%, in fat content – from 1.28 to 1.45% depending on the sowing rate and composition of mixed crops of leguminous crops. The maximum yield of the dry mass of 27.8 c/ha and protein collection of 881 kg/ha provided summer crops in the fourth version in combination with narrow-leaf lupine, fodder beans, spring vika, fodder peas and payza. Minimal results were obtained during the spring period of sowing in a mixture of lupine narrow-leaf with payza. – 24.1 c/ha and 523 kg/ha, respectively. Protein collection from the unit area in the experiment also increased by an average of 1.5 times on summer sowing variants compared to spring sowing variants. The assessment of the quality of the crop of the green mass of legume crops by the yield of protein and fodder protein units (FPU) from 1 ha showed that on the variants of summer sowing the protein harvest was higher in the first variant by 55.8%, in the second variant by 38.2%, in the third - by 36.9% and in the fourth version by 41.2%. The maximum protein collection of 88.1 c/ha and fodder protein units (FPU) 38.7 thousand units/ha is obtained in the summer mixed crop of lupine of narrow-leaf, fodder beans, egg vica, fodder peas and payza