Magnesium-to-Calcium Ratio and Mortality from COVID-19
Fernando Guerrero-Romero; Moises Mercado; Martha Rodriguez-Moran; Claudia Ramírez-Renteria; Gerardo Martínez-Aguilar; Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez; Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo; Luis E. Simental-Mendía; Ilan Remba-Shapiro; Claudia I. Gamboa-Gómez; Alejandra Albarrán-Sánchez; Miriam L. Sanchez-García
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, decrease in immune response, cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, and arrhythmias, which are frequent in COVID-19 patients, are associated with hypomagnesemia. Given that cellular influx and efflux of magnesium and calcium involve the same transporters, we aimed to evaluate the association of serum magnesium-to-calcium ratio with mortality from severe COVID-19. The clinical and laboratory data of 1064 patients, aged 60.3 ±: 15.7 years, and hospitalized by COVID-19 from March 2020 to July 2021 were analyzed. The data of 554 (52%) patients discharged per death were compared with the data of 510 (48%) patients discharged per recovery. The ROC curve showed that the best cut-off point of the magnesium-to-calcium ratio for identifying individuals at high risk of mortality from COVID-19 was 0.20. The sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 24%. The adjusted multivariate regression model showed that the odds ratio between the magnesium-to-calcium ratio &le:0.20 and discharge per death from COVID-19 was 6.93 (95%CI 1.6&ndash:29.1) in the whole population, 4.93 (95%CI 1.4&ndash:19.1, p = 0.003) in men, and 3.93 (95%CI 1.6&ndash:9.3) in women. In conclusion, our results show that a magnesium-to-calcium ratio &le:0.20 is strongly associated with mortality in patients with severe COVID-19.
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