Traditionally grown old apple varieties in intensive type orchard | Tradicionāli audzētas vecās ābeļu šķirnes intensīva tipa stādījumos
2021
Rubauskis, E., Latvia Univ. of Life Sciences and Technologies, Cerini, Krimuna Parish, Dobele Municipality (Latvia). Inst. of Horticulture | Borisova, I., Latvia Univ. of Life Sciences and Technologies, Cerini, Krimuna Parish, Dobele Municipality (Latvia). Inst. of Horticulture
The challenge of this investigation was in the recovery of old-fashioned apple cultivars. The original location of cultivars ‘Trebū sēklaudzis’, ‘Mālābele’ and ‘Ničnera zemeņu’ is the Baltic region dated back to the 18th–19th century. In Latvia the oldest known apple cultivar is ‘Ničnera zemeņu’ (‘Edrbeerapfel Nitschners’). Some of cultivars were excluded from the list of recommended cultivars due the lack of diseases resistance, poor productivity, precocity, etc. The aim of the research was to discover old-fashioned cultivar performance in the modern orchard systems. The trial was established in the spring of 2011. Cultivars were grafted on the rootstock MM 106 in the row planting distances of 1.5 and 3.0 m. The formation of the canopy was in the shape of a slender spindle and a flat canopy with scaffolds, respectively. A part of plots under the trees was covered with wood chip mulch creating 1 m wide and 5–10 cm thick strips. Some of the conclusions are as follows: in Latvia the cultivar ‘Mālābele’ is more considered to be a late summer cultivar with consequences for the timely fruit collection. The cultivar ‘Trebu sēklaudzis’ is recommended to be planted at a distance 1.5–2.0 m in a row on the semidwarf rootstock MM 106, and the canopy performing like a slender spindle; in addition, hard work with fruitlet thinning is recommended to maintain the quality of fruit. The cultivars ‘Mālābele’ and ‘Ničnera zemeņu’ on rootstock MM 106 are more precocious than on seedling rootstocks. ‘Ničnera zemeņu’ should also be developed as the most perspective of the historical cultivars, and it requires additional in-depth research in order to find a more suitable technology.
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