Comparative inhibitory effects of cocoa bean and cocoa pod husk extracts on enzymes associated with hyperuricemia and hypertension in vitro
2019
Boligon, A. A. | Olawuyi, A. D. | Olasupo, F. | Irondi, A. E. | Lawal, B. S. | Olalekan, S. I.
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) bean and its products have numerous health benefits. However, the pod husk is generally regarded as waste. In the present work, the inhibitory effects of cocoa bean powder (CBP) and cocoa pod husk powder (CPHP) extracts on enzymes associated with hyperuricemia (xanthine oxidase, XO) and hypertension (angiotensin 1-converting enzyme, ACE) were comparatively investigated in vitro. Free radicals scavenging abilities and phenolic constituents of the extracts were also determined. CBP significantly inhibited XO and ACE, and scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*) more than the CPHP; but their 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS*+ ) scavenging potentials were insignificantly different. Phenolic acids (gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids) and flavonoids (quercitrin, quercetin and apigenin) were detected in both extracts. The levels of gallic and chlorogenic acids, and apigenin were significantly higher in the CBP than in the CPHP; whereas their levels of caffeic acids, quercitrin and quercetin were insignificantly different. Hence, both CBP and CPHP might be useful for the treatment of hyperuricemia and hypertension, through the inhibition of XO and ACE, and scavenging of free radicals. However, CBP might be more effective than CPHP due to its stronger enzymes inhibitory potentials and higher levels of certain phenolic compounds.
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