Effects of planting density on outbreak of Ganoderma disease
2013
Rusli M. H. | Mior M. H. A. Z. | Wahid O. | Zulki'fli H. | Idris A. S.
The Basal stem rot (BSR) or Ganoderma disease, caused by species of Ganoderma, is the only pathogenic disease causing serious losses of oil palm field planting, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. The disease usually becomes worse with successive generation of oil palm planted on the same land. The Ganoderma fungus, infects oil palms initially causing yield loss and finally killing the trees. At present, effective and sustainable management strategies to control BSR disease are hampered mainly by a lack of understanding of mechanisms of disease establishment, development and spread. The BSR disease outbreak in oil palm planted at different planting densities in Teluk Intan, Perak was investigated. The oil palm was planted at five different planting densities (palms/ha): 120, 136, 148, 160 and 200, and being first generation, the previous crop was ex-jungle and peat soil. The progress of BSR disease development in oil palm was assessed over the 25 years after planting to generate information of spatial, temporal and hotspots of the disease. Maps of the BSR disease in oil palms were also generated from the data. At 25 years, high BSR disease incidence was recorded on 200 palms/ha (72.5%), followed by 160 palms/ha (61.3%),148 palms/ha (47.8%),136 palms/ha (47.1%) and 120 palms/ha (40.1%). Semi-variance analysis analysis was performed on the data to show the spatio-temporal structure of BSR disease. The spatial patterns found are relatively weak with nugget effect ranging between 80% and 99% of sill. Results indicated that high density planting influence the outbreak of Ganoderma disease in oil palm plantation.
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