State of the mangroves in Region 3 [Central Luzon, Philippines]

Regional management approach-There is a need for a region-wide approach for more comprehensive management and development of the coastal and marine environment, with focus on mangrove ecosystems. The DENR is positioned to initiate formalization of a mangrove management plan at the regional level. 2. Biodiversity conservation-Proactive conservation and better protection are important strategies to improve mangrove cover, and thus maintain associated ecosystem services such as coastal protection. These may be complemented with threat reduction (e.g., reducing coastal pollution), local community support (e.g., providing resettlement areas for informal settlers), and enhancing ecotourism programs (e.g., by developing high-quality guided tours, and support facilities and infrastructure). For the last, identified mangrove areas with excellent condition in the region may be recommended for utilization as an eco-park and educational hub. 3. Restoration -Restoration initiatives are necessary to address the global degradation of coastal ecosystems. In mangrove restoration, planting initiatives must be assessed for their sustainability. An ecosystem-based approach must be adopted, with considerations on appropriate species and suitable sites for planting. Restoration strategies must adequately involve the local community throughout the entire process. Community participation will greatly support the success of any restoration initiative. Inter-agency collaboration on reverting abandoned, underdeveloped, and underutilized fishponds (e.g., those with expired FLA) must also be given due attention. Restoration activities landward are needed to support vulnerable mangroves. 4. Addressing climate change- To fully realize the role of mangroves in addressing climate change, there is a need to encourage community action to participate comprehensively in adaptation efforts. Further, partnerships must be built and sustained to seize opportunities arising from networks. Revisiting the Blue Carbon Investment Plan would also be worthwhile. 5. Policy and governance- A region-wide integrated Comprehensive Mangrove Management Plan must be formulated to enable LGUs to act as co-managers of shared resources. Key governance opportunities include providing alternative land-based livelihood programs to reduce pressure on coastal resources; increasing local awareness on the benefits of mangrove ecosystems; and empowering local stakeholders to implement national and local legislation for mangrove protection. However, there is a need to increase productive collaboration and open communication among LGUs, academic institutions, development-oriented organizations (e.g., non-government organizations), and communities in and around mangrove areas. Settlers in mangrove areas must be empowered to manage their environment through massive information and education campaigns on proper waste disposal, coastal clean-up, mangrove planting, and other coastal resources management activities. Local governments are encouraged to use evidence based research in policy development and management; and share best practices for replication.