State of the mangroves in Region 5 [Bicol Region, Philippines]

Bicol Region is endowed with rich mangrove forests that serve both ecological and economic functions. However, the quality of these ecosystems is deteriorating due to several natural and human-induced threats. Nevertheless, mangrove cover in the region has increased from 13,499 ha in 2003 to 24,953 ha in 2010, due to protection and rehabilitation efforts implemented by multiple agencies including the DENR, DA-BFAR, and the provincial and local governments. Challenges in mangrove conservation and management in the region are (1) protecting existing mangrove forests; (2) meeting increasing demands for fish and fishery products; (3) mitigating the impacts of climate change such as storm surge and flooding; (4) ensuring ecotourism sustainability (i.e., mangrove parks); (5) preventing further conversion of mangroves for unsustainable uses; and (6) strengthening stakeholders' collaboration in the management of mangrove forest and other coastal habitats. Key recommendations 1. Intensify conservation and management of existing mangrove forests. 2. Conduct Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) campaigns among local communities, to emphasize the importance of coastal and marine ecosystems. Mangrove conservation and rehabilitation must highlight the value of mangroves in protecting human lives and property. 3. Mangrove monitoring Mangrove data in the region must be updated, with LGUs potentially taking the lead for relevant monitoring and assessment. In line with this, support must be provided to build technical capacity and augment resources. 4. Strengthen enforcement There is a need to build local capacity in enforcing mangrove-related laws and regulations. Local governments are encouraged to collaborate with assisting agencies to develop such capacity. Further, the deputization of Bantay Dagat and Bantay Bakawan will help address illegal fishing and illegal mangrove cutting. 5. Intensify waste management up to the barangay level through efficient management and strong implementation of laws and ordinances. 6. Support mangrove ecotourism Mangrove-based ecotourism is critical to the regional economy. Among the important destinations in the region are the Bongsanglay Natural Park in Batuan, Masbate, the Mangrove Forest Reserve in Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon, and the Mangrovetum and Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary in Masbate City. However, urgent issues such as conflicting land use, human encroachment, and poor waste management must be addressed to sustain these and other ecotourism areas. 7. Provide alternative livelihood to local communities to improve their quality of life Alternative livelihood programs may be achieved through the collaborative efforts of LGUs, nongovernment organizations, and other assisting agencies.