ADAPTIVE PROPERTIES OF PEA VARIETIES BREEDING OF THE TATAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE

In order to identify adaptive properties in 2018-2021, characterized by contrasting meteorological conditions, cultivated and promising varieties of peas of various morphological groups of the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture to realize the potential of yield and protein content were studied. A strong variability of indicators over the years was found. A very high influence of environmental conditions on the value of the yield realization (82.6%) was revealed. In the studied varieties, the range of the indicator over the years was 53.1-77.8%, the realization of the potential varied within 62.2-78.1%. A group of leafletless genotypes Fregat, Veles, Srednevolzhsky 2, Cupidon with lignin deformation in poods was identified, in which the yield range varied within narrow limits over the years (53.1-64.5%), the potential realization reached 73.1-78.1%. Varieties Srednevolzhsky 2, Kupidon and Veles provided the best yield values on average over the years of research 2.72-2.89 t/ha and in arid conditions of 2021 - 1.40-1.76 t/ha. According to the parameters of the general adaptive ability, a great responsiveness of the listed varieties to the improvement of environmental conditions was determined. In terms of relative stability (Sgi = 19.2%), the promising variety Cupidon stood out; it is valuable for use in breeding to increase yields (SCGi = 1.84). It was found that cultivars with shelling poods were characterized by higher protein content in seeds. The best indicator was obtained for the leafletless variety Narat with an average value of 24.08% for the study period. The range of the feature over the years was 14.3%, the level of potential realization – 91.0%. High yield of protein (5.90-6.42 c/ha) was provided by high-yielding varieties Srednevolzhsky 2, Kupidon and Veles with parchmentless poods.