PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN-FALLOW CROP ROTATION IN THE NORTH-EASTERN REGION OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE DEPENDING ON AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

The research was carried out in order to study the effectiveness of the use of basic tillage systems of various intensities in combination with the optimization of chemicalization means in the grain-fallow crop rotation in the conditions of the north-eastern region of the Central Chernozem Zone. The work was carried out in 2013-2020 in a stationary field experiment on a typical heavy loamy chernozem in the Tambov region. The scheme of the experiment included the following variants of the basic tillage systems: traditional multi-depth dump (plowing for soybeans by 25-27 cm, winter wheat and barley by 20-22 cm), control; permanent surface (disking by 10-12 cm) for all crops of crop rotation; permanent non-fallow multi-depth for soybeans by 25-27 cm, winter wheat and barley by 20-22 cm; combined dump-free with 25% plowing for soybeans, 75% non-fall processing for winter wheat and barley; combined dump-surface with 25% plowing for soybeans, 75% surface treatment for winter wheat and barley. Three levels of mineral nutrition in the crop rotation: low N20P10K10 kg of fertilizers per 1 ha of arable land, including winter wheat N30 in spring feeding, barley - N30P30K30, for soybeans without fertilizers; medium – N33P33K33, including winter wheat and soybeans according to N30P30K30, barley – N40P40K40; high – N60P60K60 for each crop rotation. Two levels of the plant protection system: 1 - seed treatment - background; 2 - background + pesticides for the vegetation of crops. It was found that the best conditions for the accumulation of productive moisture in the soil were formed in technologies based on non-dump multi-depth and combined tillage systems. The annual application of surface treatment leads to a decrease in spring reserves of productive moisture in the soil. It was revealed that the use of this tillage leads to an increase in the contamination of crop rotation crops by the number of weeds by 1.8 times, by the mass of the weed component by 1.2 times compared with the traditional dump processing system. Increasing the level of mineral nutrition is accompanied by a decrease in the level of contamination of crops. The systems of basic tillage do not significantly affect the productivity of the grain-fallow crop rotation. It was found out that the use of annual surface treatment leads to a decrease in crop rotation productivity by 0.13 t/ha of grain units. The greatest productivity of crop rotation, regardless of the tillage system, is ensured by the integrated use of plant protection products and a high level of mineral nutrition. The use of this technique increased the yield of grain units from 1 ha of arable crop rotation by 0.21-0.29 tons or 7.5-10.7%. In technological complexes of cultivation of field crops in the grain-fallow crop rotation, along with the traditional dump processing system, the use of combined tillage systems in combination with fertilizers and plant protection products is effective.