THE STUDY OF THE PRECOCITY OF SOYBEAN COLLECTION MATERIAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN
2022
Zinchenko, A.V. | Lynnik, D.A. | Sidorik, I.V. | Didorenko, S.V.
Soy is one of the most widespread oilseeds and leguminous crops, which is cultivated in more than 60 countries in the temperate, subtropical and tropical zones. In the Kostanay region, a limited amount of soybeans is cultivated and only by a few farms. The expansion of sown areas for soybeans requires the creation of varieties adapted to different zones of the Republic, taking into account the timing of the vegetation of plants and the photoperiodic reaction of plants to the length of daylight hours, with a range of accumulation of positive temperatures of 1700-19000C - for the northern regions, 1900-22000C - for the eastern regions and more than 30000С - for the south of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The most important role in the promotion of soybeans to the northern regions of Kazakhstan is played by its ability to ripen in a short frost-free period. The early maturity of this crop depends on genetic factors, the weather conditions of the growing season, and the technology used in cultivation. Studies of soybean collection material on the basis of the Zarechnoye agricultural experimental station, represented by 120 varieties of various ecological and geographical origin, made it possible to identify early maturing samples for further breeding work. Collection samples were studied in different weather conditions in the years 2017-2021, which made it possible to more fully analyze the effect of weather conditions on the rate of development and ripening of soybeans. Also, the duration of individual periods of development of soybean "shoots-flowering", "flowering-formation of beans", "flowering-ripening" was studied. In the course of research, all collection material, depending on the duration of the growing season, was divided into 5 groups of ripeness.
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