MILLET: THE STATE OF STUDY OF SOME ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY (review)

Due to the universal biological features, millet can occupy one of the leading places among cereal crops. Despite the increase in sown areas and gross yields, the share of millet in the structure of grain production is 1,1%. Productivity in key producing regions remains low and is in the range of 10,1-14,2 c/ha, which is 2-3 times lower than the potential productivity of new varieties. The widest geographical distribution is cultivars bred by the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the South-East (Saratov) and VNIIZBK (Orel). Millet breeding is aimed at increasing adaptability and stability, early maturity, coarse grain and thin film. The varieties of millet of Saratov selection – Saratovskoe 12 (23,8 c/ha) and Saratovskoe Zheltoe (24,4 c/ha) are distinguished by high productivity. Among the millet varieties of VNIIZBK, the multiline variety Quartet (31,5 c/ha) stands out, which has high adaptability and stability. Information about the realization of the potential varietal possibilities of the crop in terms of productivity when using mineral fertilizers, biological products and growth stimulants is considered. The results of the analysis allow us to draw a conclusion about the greater efficiency of fertilization for the previous crops of the crop rotation in a low dose of the complete mineral fertilizer N40P60K20. The yield increase of millet is 42,4 %. The use of a double dose of NRK leads to a decrease in yield by 10,6 %. Vegetation management of plants of new varieties of millet with the help of biopreparations and growth stimulants allows to increase productivity, profitability of crop production and bioenergetic efficiency. Seed treatment with Azorizin-6 increased the productivity of millet plants by an average of 11,0 %. In the conditions of the Orenburg region, the maximum increase (2,37 c/ha) of the crop was obtained when seeds were treated with Agat 25. The use of Black Jack, Niva Lux and Siliplant preparations without macronutrients increases the energy efficiency coefficient by an average of 5,7-22,8 %