Evaluation the effect of Some Factors of the Integrated Pest Management of Some Insect Pests of Tobacco

The study was conducted during the years 2016, 2017, and 2018. The laboratory work was carried out at the biocontrol research and studies center at the faculty of Agriculture – Damascus University. A fieldwork was carried out in the 2016 season in eight sites for cultivating Barley tobacco in Syria, distributed in four governorates: Al-Ghazlania and Krahta in Rural Damascus, two sites in Lattakia Governorate (Karsana - Ain Al-Sharqiya), two sites in Quneitra Governorate (Al-Kom - Khan Arnabeh) and one In both Sahl AGhab (Nahr AlBared) and Masyaf (AlHelouna), 14 insect pests were recorded on the tobacco crop in the different studied areas, belonging to five insect orders and nine insect families.The field wok was carried out in the 2017 and 2018 seasons in the field of biocontrol research and studies center to study the effect of some integrated management methods in the most important insect pests that attack the Burly tobacco in the field and its biological control in Abo Jarash site, and the results showed that the most important insect pests recorded on the Burley tobacco crop in the field, according to the studied treatments, in which many integrated management procedures were applied and different percentages of organic and mineral fertilizers, were Epitrix hirtipennis, Myzus persicae nicotianae, Heliothis virescens, Bemisia tabaci, Nezara viridula, which was recorded in all treatments, while Frankliniella fusca appeared in all treatments except the two treatments T5 and T6, and Manduca sexta was recorded in the treatments T7 and T8 only, and the lowest rates of infection were recorded for the pests of the tobacco Epitrix hirtipennis, Myzus persicae nicotianae, Heliothis virescens, Spodoptera littoralis and Bemisia tabaci in the treatments T5 and T6. Results showed that there are morphological differences of M. persicae found on tobacco in the study area based on the measurement of nine morphological characteristics, and the most important discrimination characteristics were ant III, base VI, hf, Is, Ic. By this study we recorded 19 species of the Staphylinidae family for the first time in Syria, seven species belonged to the subfamily Staphylininae, four species to subfamily Paederinae, one species to subfamily Euaesthetinae, and four species to the Oxytelinae subfamily, and one for218each subfamily: Aleocharinae, Scaphidiinae and Xantholininae, and the tested beetles were studied in terms of morphology and taxonomy, and a classification key was placed for the subfamilies, genera and its species recorded in Syria for the first time. Also in this study, 4 1 species of Coccinellidae were recorded, six of which belong to the Coccinellinae subfamily, two to Coccidulinae subfamily, 13 species to Scymninae subfamily, one to Sticholotidinae subfamily, and two to Chilocorinae subfamily. Three predators belonging to the Geocoridae family are recorded in this study, Geocoris arenarius, Geocoris punctipes, Geocoris erythrocephalus. Two Pentatomidae predators, Podisus maculiventris and Arma custos, have also been recorded, and four Miridae predators, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Macrolophus sp., Dicyphus sp., Deraeocoris sp., and one predator belongs to Anthocoridae family, Anthocoris nemorum. One predator belonging to the order Neuroptera and Chrysopidae family, Chrysopa carnea, was also recorded, and Three predators belonging to the order Diptera, two of them belonged to the family Cecidomyiidae (Endaphis aphidimyza, Aphidoletes aphidimyza), and one to Syrphidae (Scaeva pyrastri). Many insect parasites were classified in this study, which parasitize the most important insect pests recorded in this study. These parasitoids were Diaeretiella rapae and Ephedrus persicae, which was first recorded in Syria on M. persicae, Encarsia Sophia for the first time in Syria on B. tabaci, Trissolcus basalis on N. viridula, Goniozus sp., for the first time in Syria, on M. sexta, and the parasitoids (Telenomus sp., Platytelenomus sp., Aleiodes sp. and Zele albiditarsus) on S. littoralis.The results of the effect of using organic and mineral fertilizers in the growth and productivity of Burley tobacco crop in Abu Jarash site showed that the treatment T5 (50 percent recommended N through mineral fertilizers + 50 percent recommended N through + PSB) and T7 (50 percent recommended N through mineral fertilizers + PSB) outperformed the rest of the treatments in terms of plant height, a number of leaves per plant, leaf area, dry weight of leaves and the growth rate of the crop at final harvest, and recorded the highest green leaf yield, cured leaf yield. The results also showed that among studied various organic fertilization treatments, the fertilization treatment 100%219recommended N through Vermicompost + PSB, recorded the best indicators of the growth and yield of the tobacco crop compared to the rest of the organic fertilization treatments by adding compost or green manure with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB).The results of the study of the effect of using some insecticides and biocides in some major tobacco pests in Abu Jarash showed that Imidacloprid was the most effective in controlling M. persicae nicotianae and B. tabaci on tobacco plants, then Deltamethrin and finally, methomyl, While Deltamethrin was the most effective pesticide against E. hirtipennis, then imidacloprid and finally methomyl, Also when testing the efficacy of the pesticides Abamectin, Deltamethrin, Imidacloprid and methonyl on S. littoralis, the two pesticides imidacloprid and Abamectin were the most effective in affecting S. littoralis and Deltamethrin was the least effective.