Chemical and Genetic Study of some Artemisia (Artemisia SPP.) Species in Syria
2022
Muhammad Bashar Hanana
In order to learn about the Artemisia available in Syria and carry out a genetic and chemical study on them. Artemisia species from 7 different areas in four governorates (Damascus, Rural Damascus, Lattakia, Hama and Homs) were collected and studied for morphological and chemical traits. This was done in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Science, Physics Department. I also conducted a genetics study in the Biotechnology laboratory located in the Faculty of Agriculture. This was done throughout the years 2020 and 2021.The results showed morphological and chemical differences of the Artemisia. The Artemisia Arborescens had a higher essential oil percentage than the Artemisia herba alba. Damascus governorate recorded the highest percentage with 2.73% whereas Hama governorate recorded the lowest with 1.03%. The Artemisia Arborescens oil was consist of around 40 components, mainly Chamazulene of approximately 56.3% and 34.03% in Damascus (Adawi) and Lattakia (Em Al Tyour) respectively. The Artemisia herba alba oil consisted of 51 components mainly Cineole- 1.8, P-Cymene, Gamma-Terpinen.ISSR technology was effective in distinguishing these models based on 15 primary results. The ratio was about 94.3%. The genetic cluster split into two main clusters, the first one covered Al-Adawi in Damascus and Em Teyor in Lattakia, whereas the second one covered the rest of the areas.This study suggests collecting Artemisia to extract Chamazulene as a medical component that contains a high percentage of Essential oil.
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