Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of pea and oat aphids in field bean and spring barley
1993
Richter, S. (Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Tropische Landwirtschaft) | Balde, M.
The predisposition of plants to harmful insects is connected with the inanimate environment. The knowledge of the influence of abiogenic factors on the interaction between pest and host plant is very incomplete yet. The present laboratory experiments deal with the influence of temperature (10, 15, 22, 30 degrees C) on the interaction of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) - Vicia faba L. and Rhopalosiphum padi L. - Hordeum vulgare L. Numerous evaluation criteria of the growth and reproduction of both aphid species showed a clear dependence on temperature. Whereas the corresponding optimum for the oat aphid, which has a vastly higher relative growth rate than the pea aphid, was between 21 and 25 degrees C, the optimum for A. pisum could be determined from 18 to 24 degrees C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase for both aphid species was detected at 22 degrees C and is essentially determined by the short prereproductive periods. With decreasing temperature the adult weight just increased but the corresponding development stages were prolonged. Investigations of the embryogenesis indicated a negative correlation between the number of the mycetocytes and increasing temperature. Besides the postembryonic development, heat stress of 30 degrees C diminishes also the reproduction and fecundity of both aphid species. Whereas a four-day effecting time of 30 degrees C impeded the reproduction of variable descendants of A. pisum, Rh. padi showed a certain heat tolerance. A specific optimum range of pest-host could be determined by the investigation and it was possible to demonstrate the direct effect of heat stress on the aphids
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