Antagonism of some cyclohexamine-based drug combinations used for chemical restraint of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)
1995
Woods, E. | McLean, S. (Tasmania Univ., Hobart (Australia). School of Pharmacy) | Nicol, S. (Tasmania Univ., Hobart (Australia). Dept. of Physiology) | Burton, H. (Australian Antarctic Div., Kingston)
The use was examined of 4 antagonists of chemical restraint in mature female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) that were restrained with ketamine and diazepam, ketamine and xylazine, or tiletamine and zolazepam. The antagonists were: 4-aminopyridine, yohimbine, doxapram and sarmazenil. Samazenil (1.0 mg per kg) and doxapram (5.0 mg per kg) partially antagonised 50:1 ketamine: diazepam (ketamine equal to 3.0 mg per kg, diazepam equal to 0.06 mg per kg) and tiletamine and zolazepam (tiletamine equal to 0.5 mg per kg, zolazepam equal to 0.5 mg per kg). However, the rapid recovery after low doses of anaesthetics means that antagonism of ketamine and xylazine (ketamine equal to 3.0 mg per kg, xylazine equal to 0.5 mg per kg) is more useful given its usually delayed recovery time and potential for thermoregulatory problems. For this purpose yohimbine (0.06 mg per kg) offered advantaged over doxapram in giving a smoother recovery with less aggression. 4-aminopyridine (0.2 mg per kg) prolonged chemical restraint by 100:1 ketamine: diazepam (ketamine equal to 3.0 mg per kg, diazepam equal to 0.03 mg per kg) and ketamine and xylazine, and should be contraindicated. Doxapram (5.0 mg per Kg) was the most useful general antagonist for all groups of drugs but shaking was seen and a lower dose is recommended.
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