The importance of pest and disease damage as a cause of commercial downgrading of apple fruit
1994
Dodds, K.A. (Batlow Fruit Cooperative (Australia)) | Penrose, L.J. | Nicol, H. (New South Wales Agriculture, Orange (Australia). Agricultural Research and Veterinary Centre) | Bower, C.C. (New South Wales Agriculture, Orange (Australia))
Records were kept of specific reason for downgrading and wastage in apples in the Batlow district of NSW over a 2 year period. One third of the annual harvest was downgraded to grade 2, juice or wastage. The main cause was physical damage, especially due to bruising and injuries. Disease damage accounted for less than 1 percent, insects for less than 5 percent. Other physical damage such as limb rub, hail damage, russetting, and bitter pit accounted for most of the remaining downgrading.
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