Increasing the water-use efficiency of the Australian nursery and floriculture industries with an emphasis on recycling waste-water on-site [review]
1994
James, E.A. (Victorian Dept. of Agriculture, Bendigo (Australia). Inst. for Horticultural Development)
This review forms a part of a project that examines the feasibility of recycling irrigation water from the nursery and cut-flower industries. It identifies 3 areas requiring further work to provide specific information for the industry: (a) changes to the nutrient levels in runoff water that is recycled through the property, especially increased salinity; (b) potential dissemination of plant pathogens such as Phytophthora spp. in the recycled water; (c) accumulation of herbicide and pesticide residues in recycled water. Changes to nutrient levels can be monitored by regular chemical analysis of runoff water. Treatment of runoff water prior to recycling is needed to minimise the risk of disease transmission. Chlorination is the most common method, but ultraviolet treatment, bromination, ozonation, microfiltration and chlorine dioxide are also used. Herbicide and pesticide residues have been detected in runoff water, but further information is needed to determine the extent of risk to plant growth and employee health
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