The effectiveness of various solvents in extracting neem (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) products to control Spodoptera litura F.
1996
Jauharlina (Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh (Indonesia). Fakultas Pertanian)
A research of using water, acetone, and methanol to extract leaf, seed, seed husk of neem has been conducted in the Pest and Weed Laboratory, and the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The research was done to investigate the effectiveness of various solvents in extracting neem products to control S. litura on soybean. In the Laboratory experiment, the extracts were applied to larvae S. litura and soybean leaves. The results showed that the neem seed extracted with acetone (treatment E) significantly killed more larvae within 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours. Application of this extract to soybean leaves significantly deterred larva from consuming the leaves. The larvae only consumed 2.63 square cm. This was much smaller than the control leaves which were consumed up to 17.06 square cm. The same treatments were applied to the soybean of 35 days old planted in plastic pots placed under the cages in the field. The results showed that the neem seed extracted with water (treatment D) and the seed extracted with acetone (treatment E) caused the lowest attack intensity, the highest number of pods plat -1. For those four variables, treatment D and E produced 9.5 percent and 9.5 percent, 101.3 and 112.8 pods; 221.3 and 228.8 seeds; 25.13 and 28.50 gram. Inoculation 6 larvae S. litura per plant (without application of neem extracts) resulted in 21.0 percent of attack intensity; 52.0 pods; 139.5 seeds; and 12.75 gram of dry weighty. This results showed that water is potential enough to be used as solvent in extracting neem seed, especially from economical point of view
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