Productivity of Madura cattle in Pamekasan, Madura island

英语. The objective of the study is to investigate the management system, which include: number of cattle owned by each farmer per year, natural increase in cattle population, birth weight, and management practise in raising cattle. The survey was done from August 1995 to January 1996, in the regency of Pamekasan in the island of Madura. Three districts were selected base on the high, medium and low density of cattle population. Each of district was then represented by one village which were selected in random. 105 farmers of each village were interviewed based on questionairs to get the primary data. The data were then analize descriptively in terms of percentage and mean. The result of the study showed that most cattle were kept barns, but management practise were done in a simple traditional way. The number of cattle is 2.18 heads or 1.85 animal unit per year. The objective of the farmers raising cattle were : for offspring (43.5 percent), draft (42.3 percent) and fattening, Kerapan and Sonok was the smallest portion. The birth rate based on the population was 24.8 percent or 42.5 percent of the total cows mortality rate in the population was 0.94 percent, in which calves death was the highest (0.63 percent) as compared to adult and young, which was 0.31 percent. Derived from the above data, the natural increase in Madura cattle population in the area of the study was 20.38 percent. Data reproductive activity showed that the everage service per conception in Pamekasan was 1.6 0.8; with the age of cows at first birth was 3.4 0.5 years; calving interval 13.9 1.2 month; weaning age of 4.0 0.8 months. Birth weight for male and female calves were 19.37 1.79 kg and 19.69 2.47 kg respectively. It was concluded that a part of the traditional management practise done by farmers, the natural increase of the Madura cattle population was high (20.38 percent). A program to increase the calf harvest which was considered cow (42.5 percent), therefore is needed to increase more the productivity of Madura cattle. Factor affecting the cow calf harvest need to be observed, especially those involving zoo or biotechnology factors of Madura cattle and other various factors related with the farmer's habit culture and in that area

印度尼西亚. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: jumlah pemilikan per peternak per tahun, pertambahan populasi secara alami, berat lahir, dan untuk mengetahui teknis pemeliharaan yang umumnya dilakukan oleh peternak di Pamekasan, Madura. Penelitian dengan metode survei dilaksanakan selama lima bulan (Agustus 1995 sampai Januari 1996). Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan peternak sampel, dari 3 kecamatan berdasarkan populasi ternak tinggi, sedang dan rendah, dimana tiap-tiap kecamatan dipilih secara acak dan didapat 105 peternak. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui rerata dan angka presentase. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa pola pemeliharaan hasil bersifat sederhana walaupun sapi pada umumnya dikandangkan. Rerata pemilikan ternak mencapai angka 2,18 ekor atau 1,8 ST/tahun juga ditunjukkan bahwa 43,5 persen peternak memelihara sapi dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh keturunan, 42,5 persen untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai tenaga kerja dan 14,0 persen memelihara sapi untuk berbagai tujuan seperti penggemukan, sapi KERAPAN, dan sapi pajangan (sapi SONOK). Angka kelahiran mencapai 24,8 persen dari populasi atau 42,5 persen dari jumlah sapi betina dewasa. Tingkat kematian mencapai angka 0,94 persen dari populasi, dengan rincian sapi muda dan dewasa 0,31 persen pedet 0,63 persen. Dari angka tersebut diatas maka diperoleh angka pertambahan populasi secara alami atau Natural Increase sebesar 20,38 persen. Aktivitas reproduksi menunjukkan rerata service per conception = 1,6 0,8, dengan catatan umur induk saat melahirkan pertama kali = 3,40 0,5 tahun, jarak beranak = 13,9 1,2 bulan dan umur sapih 4,0 0,8 bulan. Rerata berat lahir pedet jantan 19,37 1,79 kg, betina 19,69 2,47 kg. Program untuk meningkatkan angka panenan pedet yang relatif rendah (42.5 persen) dengan sendirinya sangat diperlukan untuk lebih meningkatkan produktivitas sapi Madura. Penyebab rendahnya angka panenan pedet harus diteliti, terutama yang menyangkut faktor zoo atau bioteknologi sapi Madura dan berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan peternak di daerah