On the causes of gradients in tropical tree diversity

altitud altitude arbre forestier biodiversidad biodiversity enfermedades de las plantas enfermedades fungosas evolution fertilidad del suelo forest pests forest trees fungal diseases insecte nuisible latitud latitude maladie des plantes maladie fongique modele modelos models mortalidad mortalite mortality pathogens periodicidad periodicity pest insects pests of plants plagas de plantas plagas forestales plant diseases plante ligneuse precipitation ravageur des plantes seasonality sinecologia soil fertility speciation species diversity synecology tropical forests tropical zones woody plants zona tropical zone tropicale