Forest protection of white fir in Bavarian forests 1997/1998
1999
Schmidt, O.
White fir (Abies alba), an important Bavarian forest tree, has dramatically declined in number over the past century. Noticably during the 1970ies and 1980ies, "Fir decline" due mainly to severe air pollution, caused drastic decrease in vitality and widespread mortality. Since then, however, damage symptoms have been steadily decreasing in most parts of Bavaria. Still, white fir remains the tree most affected by defoliation. Among biotic damaging agents, browsing is by far the most important factor, limiting the natural regeneration of white fir. Further mentioned are several insects, fungi and mistletoe.
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