INCREASE OF ACTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS BY BREEDING
2016
Amelin, A. V.
The article presents the results of years of their research (1983 to 2015) and the analysis of published experimental data of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of increasing the activity and efficiency of photosynthesis of cultivated plants by means of breeding. It is concluded that the physiological basis of crop breeding is the system of regulatory mechanisms that are compensatory in nature, allowing for different morph physiological organization of plant production process to achieve the same result – the increase of productivity in different climatic growing conditions. At the same time, the potential of photovoltaic process plants as a result of selection do not undergo large changes and overall balance on a specific to a species level, which hinders the progress of breeding. To change the situation it is recommended that forms with increased intensity of photosynthesis, photochemical activity of chloroplasts and the energy efficiency of the electron transport chain to take account of and use in breeding as a source of promising material. Pea, buckwheat, soybeans, lentils and broad beans showed large genotypic variation in the intensity of photosynthesis, the hill reaction and photophosphorylation, quantum yield and photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.
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