Unmanned agriculture: overview and improvement concept | Беспилотные аппараты для сельского хозяйства: обзор и концепция совершенствования

The analysis of the current state of robotic means for agriculture is considered. As the analysis has shown, the current trend in the development of robotics for agriculture is aimed at creating unmanned vehicles consisting of various technical and intelligent systems that need to be integrated and correctly synchronized for the efficient performance of agricultural operations. At the same time, the priority task of creating new and improving existing designs of unmanned vehicles for performing a complex of mechanized work in agriculture is the creation of a cheap, competitive product with a simple interface and a low entry threshold for the operator of the vehicle. In this regard, at the research stage, it is important to lay the foundation for a phased concept for the development and improvement of domestic robotics in the agro-industrial complex. At the first stage of the proposed concept, it is necessary to develop a simple, commercially available product for farms and peasant farms that carries out multi-parameter control over the fleet of technical means. At the second stage, it is necessary to show the maximum practical benefit of robotic solutions used without deep interventions in the design of the technical means, leaving the choice of process control. Based on the experimental developments of the second stage, the third stage involves the creation of a working version of technical vision capable of determining the characteristics of plants (stages of maturation, diseases), recognizing humans, insects, obstacles, road irregularities, road parameters such as: hard surface or field road. In this case, the system must transmit / receive data within the agricultural ecosystem, as well as create templates for the movement of a technical vehicle. The final stage of the concept involves the development of a control system for a technical facility without human intervention on highways, fields, industrial areas and rough terrain. The proposed concept will make it possible to design and develop a new generation of unmanned aerial vehicles for efficient agricultural operations.