Impact and management of Black Sigatoka in Brazil.
2004
CORDEIRO, Z. J. M. | MATOS, A. P. de | ALENCAR, S. de O. | GASPAROTTO, L. | CAVALCANTE, M. de J. B. | ZILTON JOSE MACIEL CORDEIRO, CNPMF; ARISTOTELES PIRES DE MATOS, CNPMF; SEBASTIAO DE OLIVEIRA ALENCAR, CPAO; LUADIR GASPAROTTO, CPAA; MARIA DE JESUS BARBOSA CAVALCANTE, GCPDI.
The black Sigatoka disease of the banana crop, caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, anamorph Paracercospora fijiensis (Morelet) Deighton, was first reported in Brazil in 1998, in the State of Amazonas. Currently that disease is widespread all over the North Region of Brazil (except in the State of Tocantins), as well as in the states of Mato Grosso (Center West Region) and São Paulo (South East Region). The presence of black Sigatoka in Brazil resulted in serious problems to the commercialization of fruit and plants of the Musaceae botanical family, due to restrictions to movement of those products from affected regions to areas still free of the pathogen, aiming at preventing its spread. In areas where the disease is already present yield losses may be as high as 100%. Such a situation requested the replacement of the banana varieties under cultivation by black Sigatoka resistant varieties. On this regard, the State of Amazonas played a very important role replacing the susceptible cultivars for Caipira, Thap Maeo, FHIA-18 e Pacovan Ken, all of them resistant to the pathogen. Data on spore survival under several conditions, epidemiological studies, chemical and cultural control strategies of the disease, and genetic resistance, were also generated by researchers. All this knowledge made possible to recommend six black Sigatoka resistant varieties. The recent detection of black Sigatoka in banana growing areas of the State of São Paulo will probably determine a new phase on its banana industry, since it is the State number one on banana production and consumption, as well as the main importer from other banana growing areas of Brazil.
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