Mutually beneficial pollinator diversity and crop yield outcomes in small and large farms.
2016
GARIBALDI, L. A. | CARVALHEIRO, L. G. | VAISSIÈRE, B. E. | GEMMILL-HERREN, B. | HIPÓLITO, J. | FREITAS, B. M. | NGO, H. T. | AZZU, N. | SÁEZ, A. | ASTROM, J. | AN, J. | BLOCHTEIN, B. | BUCHORI, D. | CHAMORRO GARCÍA, F. J. | SILVA, F. O. da | DEVKOTA, K. | RIBEIRO, M. de F. | FREITAS, L. | GAGLIANONE, M. C. | GOSS, M. | IRSHAD, M. | KASINA, M. | PACHECO FILHO, A. J. S. | KIILL, L. H. P. | KWAPONG, P. | NATES PARRA, G. | PIRES, C. S. S. | PIRES, V. | RAWAL, R. S. | RIZALI, A. | SARAIVA, A. M. | VELDTMAN, R. | VIANA, B. F. | WITTER, S. | ZHAN, H. | LUCAS A. GARIBALDI, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales; LUÍSA G. CARVALHEIRO, UnB; BERNARD E. VAISSIÈRE, Institut national de la recherche agronomique; BARBARA GEMMILL-HERREN, FAO; JULIANA HIPÓLITO, Universidade Federal da Bahia; BRENO M. FREITAS, Universidade Federal do Ceará; HIEN T. NGO, Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES); NADINE AZZU, FAO; AGUSTÍN SÁEZ, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET; JENS ASTROM, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; JIANDONG AN, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; BETINA BLOCHTEIN, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); DAMAYANTI BUCHORI, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University; FERMÍN J. CHAMORRO GARCÍA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; FABIANA OLIVEIRA DA SILVA, Universidade Federal de Sergipe; KEDAR DEVKOTA, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science; MARCIA DE FATIMA RIBEIRO, CPATSA; LEANDRO FREITAS, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ); MARIA C. GAGLIANONE, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; MARIA GOSS, University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Agriculture, Crop Science Department; MOHAMMAD IRSHAD, Conservation and Management of Pollinators for Sustainable Agriculture through Ecosystem Approach project; MUO KASINA, Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation-Sericulture; ALÍPIO J. S. PACHECO FILHO, Universidade Federal do Ceará; LUCIA HELENA PIEDADE KIILL, CPATSA; PETER KWAPONG, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast; GUIOMAR NATES PARRA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; CARMEN SILVIA SOARES PIRES, CENARGEN; VIVIANE PIRES, Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos; RANBEER S. RAWAL, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal; AKHMAD RIZALI, Department of Plant Pest Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya; ANTONIO M. SARAIVA, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica; RUAN VELDTMAN, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre; BLANDINA F. VIANA, Universidade Federal da Bahia; SIDIA WITTER, Centro de Pesquisa Emílio Schenk, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária; HONG ZHAN, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Ecological intensification, or the improvement of crop yield through enhancement of biodiversity, may be a sustainable pathway toward greater food supplies. Such sustainable increases may be especially important for the 2 billion people reliant on small farms, many of which are undernourished, yet we know little about the efficacy of this approach. Using a coordinated protocol across regions and crops, we quantify to what degree enhancing pollinator density and richness can improve yields on 344 fields from 33 pollinator-dependent crop systems in small and large farms from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. For fields less than 2 hectares, we found that yield gaps could be closed by a median of 24% through higher flower-visitor density. For larger fields, such benefits only occurred at high flower-visitor richness. Worldwide, our study demonstrates that ecological intensification can create synchronous biodiversity and yield outcomes.
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