Biodiesel production from crude karanja oil using heterogeneous catalyst from seashells
2020
A. A. Saleh | Dewi H. | Sinin H.
Gradual depletion of the world’s petroleum reserves and impact of environmental pollution caused by combustion of fossil fuel, the search for substantial alternative energy resources such as biodiesel has gained importance. Biodiesel is a green fuel derived from plant oils or animal fats and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. In this study active calcium oxide catalyst was synthesized from Meretrix Lyrata (M.Lyrata) following calcination-hydration-dehydration technique. The catalytic feasibility of synthesized CaO was investigated in production of Karanja methyl ester (KME) from crude Karanja oil (CKO). KME was synthesized through esterification using H₂SO₄ followed by transesterification utilizing CaO in a two-step reaction process of CKO and methanol. The M.Lyrata shells were calcined at 900°C and the catalyst samples were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, PSA, and BET-BJH spectrographic techniques. A maximum FAME conversion of 97.3% was obtained at optimum reaction conditions include methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2% wt, reaction temperature of 58°C and reaction time of 2 h. In comparative study with the commercial CaO, M.Lyrata showed a higher catalytic activity. The catalyst reusability experiments ascertain reusability of CaO up to four reuse cycles had shown good efficiency. The economic comparative study confirms that CaO derived from M.Lyrata can be used as an alternative and feasible catalyst for the biodiesel production. The KME fuel properties were comply according to EN-14214 biodiesel fuel standards.
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