Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species
2007
Sutton, M.A. | Nemitz, E. | Erisman, J.W | Beier, C. | Butterbach Bahl, K. | Cellier, Pierre | de Vries, W. | Cotrufo, F. | Skiba, U | Di Marco, C. | Jones, S. | Laville, Patricia | Soussana, Jean-François | Loubet, Benjamin | Twigg, M. | Famulari, D. | Whitehead, J. | Gallagher, M.W. | Neftel, A. | Flechard, C.R. | Herrmann, B. | Calanca, P.L. | Schjoerring, J.K. | Daemmgen, U. | Horvath, L. | Tang, Y.P. | Emmett, B.A. | Tietema, A. | Penuelas, J. | Kesik, M. | Brueggemann, N. | Pilegaard, K. | Vesala, T. | Campbell, C.L. | Olesen, J.E. | Dragosits, U. | Theobald, M.R. | Levy, P. | Mobbs, D.C. | Milne, R. | Viovy, N. | Vuichard, N. | Smith, J.U. | Smith, P. | Bergamaschi, P. | Fowler, D. | Reis, S. | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology | Clean Fossil Fuels ; Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) | Risø National Laboratory ; Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation | Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU) ; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) | Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples | Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont (URAC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | University of Manchester [Manchester] | Agroscope | Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole (KVL ) | Institut für Agrarekologie | Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ) | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA) | Center for Ecolological Research and Forestry Applications | Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki | Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | University of Aberdeen | JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) ; European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)
Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N2 fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N2O, NO and bi-directional NH3 exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]