THE ROLE OF SOLAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN DIRECTING OF THE BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, CONSERVATION AND USE OF ESSENTIAL OIL PLANTS

The main purpose of the research is to study the role of solar and alternativ energu in the direction of bioecelogical characteristics, protection and usage of essential oil plants. The huge food and technical importance of oil and essential plants are given in the article. The vegetable oils obtained from them are used in the food industry, in baking, in the preparation of various preserves, confectionery, margarines and oils, and from essential oils in the field of medicine, in the perfumery and cosmetics industry, etc. widely used. At the same time, it is used in the production of linoleum and stearic acids, lacquer-paint, weaving, soap-making, leather tanning, etc. these oils are used in industries. Oil crops include sunflower, soybean, sesame, groundnut (araxis), safflower, castor, poppy, white mustard, blue mustard, winter and spring rape, oilseed rape, lallemantia, perilla (sudza), oil tulip, radish, flax, etc. includes plant species. Among the vegetable oils produced for edible oil on a global scale, the first place is soybean, the second place is sunflower, and then peanut, cotton, rapeseed, olive, sesame, corn and safflower oils. Most essential oils are found in free form in plants. Their amount in different types of plants varies greatly, from 0.001% to 22%. There may be a type of plant in which the amount and composition of the essential oil is negligible. This may mainly depend on the cultivated region, the age of the plant, the phase of development and other conditions. It has been determined that plants accumulate more essential oil in dry and hot weather than in cold and humid conditions. The amount of essential oil in the plant is greater during the flowering and ripening period. A group of plants cultivated to produce essential oil are called essential oil plants. They contain volatile aromatic substances with different chemical composition. The amount of these oils in the seeds, flowers, leaves, branches and other organs of the plant varies depending on cultivation technology and soil-climate conditions. Essential oil plants include coriander, mint, cumin, basil, cloves, myrtle, etc. belong to plants. Essential oils are widely used in the food, medicine and perfume-cosmetics industry. The waste obtained after the processing of fruits and seeds is used as feed in livestock and poultry farming. Solar energy from alternative energy sources is used in many countries of the world. In the process, solar energy is converted into useful energy and replaced by other forms of energy, such as biomass, wind or hydropower, and "drives" the weather on Earth. Most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the oceans and seas, as a result of which their water heats up, evaporates and falls to the Earth in the form of rain, "feeding" hydroelectric power plants. Solar energy affects to the plants mainle the essentional oil plants, either. Most plants admit solar energy during the drying or feeding process. Thus, we considered both the essential oil plants, especially the flax plant, and learned the advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy. We came to the conclusion that alternative energy has a role in the process of cultivation and protection of essential oil plants. Approaches and results can be different in the analysis of positive and negative sides in the fast developing era. Keywords: essential oil, plants, solar energy, ecology, industry, flax, linseed.