Public expenditure in Malaysia
1979
Meerman, Jacob
The distributive effects of public expenditures in Malaysia were investigated, focusing on public spending for education, medical care, public utilities, and agriculture. Two sets of data were developed: information on the costs of government ooutputs in each of several major programs and a sample survey of use of these services by household. Political power is concentrated among the Malays who desire to equalize incomes with the Chinese. The combined federal outlays are highest in rural areas, the home of the Malays, and lowest in wealthy Selangor. In contrast to the distribution of education, medical care, agricultural assistance, and pensions, the distribution of public utilities is more conventional. Most of those who can afford the utilities are urban dwellers, usually Chinese. Production costs are far lower for the urban areas. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between town and country is considerably smaller in Malaysia than in other countries. Federal expenditure for agriculture was high, amounting to nearly 3 percent of the GNP. Five appendices provide data on the public accounts, the sample survey, education, estimating unit costs of medical services, and transfer payments.
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出版者 for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press | New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press, ©1979