Monthly and seasonal variations in the surface carbonate system and air–sea CO2 flux of the Yellow Sea
2022
Ko, Young Ho | Seok, Min-Woo | Jeong, Jin-Yong | Noh, Jae-Hoon | Jeong, Jongmin | Mo, Ahra | Kim, Tae-Wook
Surface carbonate chemistry in the Yellow Sea was investigated based on discrete seawater samples collected from 2017 to 2020 at the Socheongcho Ocean Research Station (S-ORS; 37.423°N, 124.738°E). Records of carbon parameters, including seawater CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂), revealed considerable seasonal variations, with amplitudes comparable to those observed across the western part of the Yellow Sea. The study site acted as a modest sink (−0.13 mol C m⁻² yr⁻¹) for atmospheric CO₂. Biological processes (primary production and respiration) and physical conditions (temperature and degree of stratification) determined seawater pCO₂, which fluctuated on an intraseasonal timescale between oversaturated and undersaturated with respect to atmospheric pCO₂. Variation in pCO₂ was significant in summer, depending on the biological carbon drawdown and tidal mixing-induced upwelling (increased pCO₂ up to ~1000 μatm). The intraseasonal variability in seawater pCO₂ may bias estimated air–sea CO₂ fluxes, if measurements with a coarser (seasonal) time resolution are used.
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