Patterns of spatial association between spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) and their natural enemies on cotton
1992
Schoenig, S.E. | Wilson, L.T.
The spatial patterns of association between spider mites and some of their natural enemies and the potential changes in these association patterns through the season, between years, and as a result of pesticides targeting both the spider mites and their natural enemies were studied in cotton. Included in the study were the spider mites, Tetranychus spp.; western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); big-eyed bugs, Geocoris pallens Still and G. punctipes (Say); and the minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor (White). Association patterns were modeled using a log-linear statistical model. Co-occurrence patterns for most species pairs were significantly nonrandom and mostly positive and were seen to change over the season. In general, associations tended to become increasingly positive (or less negative) as the season progressed. Pesticide treatments (dicofol, permethrin) were not found to affect associations. Observed spatial association patterns fit the known biological relationships of the species.
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