Agronomical Use of α-Tomatine and Crude Extracts of Solanum spp. to Control Phytopathogenic Fungi
2011
Zaccardelli, M. | Campanile, F. | Cammareri, M. | Grandillo, S.
Some of the species belonging to the genus Solanum produce high levels of a steroidal saponin α-tomatine, that shows strong antifungal activity. In this work, Trichoderma viride bioassays with purified α-tomatine and crude extracts from different organs of different genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum and wild tomato species, were performed to identify plant materials with the highest content of this bioactive compound. Pure α-tomatine strongly inhibited T. viride and, crude extracts from some organs of Solanum spp. genotypes, showed similar inhibitory effects. In particular, growth of T. viride was strongly inhibited by flower extracts of S. lycopersicum and S. chmielewskii, root extracts of S. arcanum and leaf extracts of S. pimpinellifolium and some tomato hybrids. No inhibition was observed with roots extracts of S. lycopersicum and S. chmielewskii. Pure α-tomatine was evaluated for its activity, in vitro, against phytopathogenic fungi. All fungi tested (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cynerea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. solani, F. semitectum, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sp., Stemphylium sp.), except Cladosporium sp., showed growth inhibition due to pure α-tomatine. The highest growth inhibition was observed for Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis sp.
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