Gene banks for wild and cultivated sunflower genetic resources
2020
Terzic, Sreten | Boniface, Marie | Marek, Laura | Alvarez, Daniel | Baumann, Karin | Gavrilova, Vera | Joita-Pacureanu, Maria | Sujatha, Mulpuri | Valcova, Daniela | Velasco, Leonardo | Hulke, Brent S. | Jocic, Sinisa | Langlade, Nicolas | Munos, Stephane | Rieseberg, Loren | Seiler, Gerald J. | Vear, Felicity
Modern breeding of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) started 100 years ago and has increased the number and the diversity of cultivated accessions. In addition, for more than 50 years, wild sunflowers and other Helianthus species have been collected in North America where they are all originated. Collections of both cultivated and wild forms are maintained in gene banks in many of the countries where sunflower is an important crop, with some specificity according to the availability of the germplasms and to local research and breeding programmes. Cultivated material includes land races, open pollinated varieties, synthetics and inbred lines. The majority of wild accessions are ecotypes of wild Helianthus annuus, but also the 51 other species of Helianthus and some related genera. The activities of three gene banks, in USA, France and Serbia, are described in detail, completed by data from six other countries. Past and future uses of the genetic resources for environmental adaptation and breeding are discussed in relation to genomic and improved phenotypic knowledge of the cultivated and wild accessions available in the seed banks.
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