Development of an environmental management overview in the Farol de São Tomé Plain - Brazil
2018
Wasserman, JulioCesar | Binsztok, Jacob | da Rocha Araújo, AnaRegina | Chueiri, Débora
The rational use of natural resources, committed with the environmental awareness, motivates the search for alternative production procedures that minimizes damages to the environment and allow the renewal of its resources. The present study aimed to present a diagnosis of the evolution of the landscape in the area of São Tomé, based on the human, morphodynamic and geological settings. The identification of the relevant literature enabled a view of the landscape of the days preceding the field study. Field campaigns were carried out, supporting an extensive georeferenced photographic survey. The formation of the landscape considering the geomorphological evolution and the variations of the sea-level were associated with the human reclamation, since the early XIXᵗʰ Century. The occupation started with low production sugarcane plantation that exhausted the soils and was replaced by cattle and rose raising. This sort of occupation promoted poverty and environmental degradation as identified by the decaying mangroves and remaining vegetation. The wetlands, an important natural feature of the region have been degraded mostly due drainage works in the region. The salty soils left by drainage were used as pasture (without management), and the trampling promoted siltation of the constructed canals. New agriculture procedures should be applied in the region that consider the acid characteristics of the soils. In the margins of the Flecha Canal an example of this type of high production agriculture and cattle raising should be considered for further occupation. On the other hand, the new projects of ports and shipyards in the region constitute a threat to the environmental quality and can bring about a demographic imbalance.
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