Acute toxicity and responses of antioxidant systems to 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide at different developmental stages of goldfish
2012
Li, Xiao-Yu | Zeng, Shi-Hu | Dong, Xiang-Yi | Ma, Jun-Guo | Wang, Jian-Ji
Acute toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) to goldfish at different developmental stages and responses of the antioxidant system in adult goldfish were evaluated in the present study. The results indicate that post-embryonic developmental toxicity of [C8mim]Br on goldfish is developmental-stage dependent. The juvenile and larva goldfish are more sensitive to [C8mim]Br-toxicity than the adult fish. Histological observations in adult goldfish reveal that acute [C8mim]Br exposure damages the hepatopancreas, intestines, and kidneys, indicating that these are possible target organs of [C8mim]Br toxicity in goldfish. Subsequent biochemical assays in adult goldfish show that [C8mim]Br also induces changes in the activities of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione content of fish hepatopancreas. These results suggest that [C8mim]Br exposure may induce oxidant stress and lipid peroxidation in hepatopancreas of adult goldfish. In addition, we also find that [C8mim]Br causes a remarkable increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hepatopancreas of adult goldfish, and thus we think that the MDA level change can be a biomarker of [C8mim]Br toxicity in goldfish. The present study indicates that ionic liquids can be a threat to the survival, growth, and development of the fish population once they are accidentally leaked into aquatic ecosystems.
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