Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum alone, and in combination with zinc(II) propionate on Salmonella enterica serovar Düsseldorf in Japanese quails

The influence of zinc(II) propionate on the efficacy of Lactobacillus fermentum against Salmonella enterica serovar Düsseldorf was tested in Japanese quails. Twenty one 3-day old Japanese quails were divided into 3 groups each consisting of 7 birds and inoculated orally: (i) group A (control) with Rogosa broth; (ii) group B with rifampicin-resistant L. fermentum (2.5 × 107 CFU/animal); and (iii) group C with rifampicin-resistant L. fermentum cultured in Rogosa broth supplemented with zinc(II) propionate (1 g Zn2+ /L of broth; i.e. 2.5 × 107 CFU/animal and 0.1 mg Zn2+ /animal). After 16 hours all birds were infected with a single dose of S. enterica serovar Düsseldorf (5.8 × 107 CFU /animal). During the next 6 days the chicks received the same inoculations as they had received earlier through the medium of drinking water. The viable counts of Salmonella, rifampicin-resistant lactobacilli and total aerobes in the feces and cecal content, zinc concentration in the cecal content and growth performance were evaluated. L. fermentum alone, and in combination with Zn(II) propionate significantly reduced shedding of Salmonella in the feces and also the amount of salmonellae present in cecal content as compared to control. The numbers of Salmonella in group C in all collections were lower than in group B, but a significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted only 24 h after infection. The viable counts of rifampicin-resistant lactobacilli were similar in groups B and C and numbers of total aerobes were reduced in these groups compared with control. L. fermentum and its combination with zinc(II) propionate increased daily weight gains in the chicks in comparison with control. Zinc concentration in the control and C group was 34.9 ± 6.2 mg · kg−1 and 676.3 ± 106.6 mg · kg−1 of cecal content, respectively.