Genotype × Environment Interaction for Grain Color in Hard White Spring Wheat
2003
Matus-Cádiz, M. A. | Hucl, Pierre | Perron, C. E. | Tyler, R. T.
Improvement of grain color in hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs depends on understanding the influences of genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G × E). The objectives of this study were to quantify genetic variability for grain color and assess the nature of the G × E interaction in determining grain color in 79 spring wheat genotypes. Twelve check cultivars [seven hard red (HR), four hard white (HW), and one soft white (SW)] and 67 white-seeded Australian (AUS) accessions were grown at two locations across 2 yr. Wheat genotypes differed significantly in agronomic traits, grain protein, and kernel hardness. Grain and meal color were quantified using Hunterlab colorimeter values. Whole grain color values without (L = 40.9–50.4 units; a = 7.0–8.3; b = 13.6–19.1) and with NaOH treatment (L = 22.7–38.1; a = 7.7–9.7; b = 9.2–17.9) varied among genotypes. Using ground meal, color values (L = 80.1–84.9; a = 1.8–2.6; b = 8.9–11.8), yellow pigment content (2.5–4.8 μg g⁻¹), and lutein content (1.8–3.7 μg g⁻¹) varied among genotypes. Genotype × location (L) interactions were not significant for colorimetric and pigmentation variables. The Azallini and Cox test detected one crossover G × year (Y) interaction for grain a-value (without NaOH), one for grain b-value (without NaOH), and 12 for lutein content. Genetic variation exists for grain color among HW genotypes. The noncrossover nature of G × E interactions for grain color indicates that white-seeded genotypes selected as superior in one environment will be superior in other environments.
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