Degummed Pongamia oil – Ethanol microemulsions as novel alternative CI engine fuels for remote Small Island Developing States: Preparation, characterization, engine performance and emissions characteristics
2020
Prasad, Salvin S. | Singh, Anirudh | Prasad, Surendra
Diminishing fossil fuel reserves, rising market price for diesel and the need to combat greenhouse gas emissions have led to the development of a crucial area of research into alternative fuels for diesel engines. In this work, a hybrid fuel was prepared for the first time by blending Pongamia oil, hydrated ethanol (95% purity) and butanol (as a surfactant). To eliminate engine modification and reduce injector clogging in the diesel engine, degummed Pongamia oil was utilized for preparing hybrid fuels. The results show that the density and viscosity of Pongamia oil reduced considerably after blending with ethanol and was brought closer to that of diesel. The gross calorific values were comparable with that of diesel. The brake thermal efficiencies of using hybrid fuels on a compression ignition engine were very similar to that of diesel. The emissions characteristics of hybrid fuels show reduced emissions of CO₂, NOₓ and SO₂. The hybrid fuel blends E₂₂B₂₇DPO₅₁ and E₁₇B₁₆DPO₆₇ prepared with degummed Pongamia oil show the lowest emissions. Thus, these hybrid fuels have the potential to substitute diesel to run diesel powered inter-island shipping vessels, fishing boats and smaller power plants for household electricity in remote and outer islands of developing countries.
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