Bio-char and bio-oil characteristics produced from the interaction of Enteromorpha clathrate volatiles and rice husk bio-char during co-pyrolysis in a sectional pyrolysis furnace: A complementary study
2018
Wang, Shuang | Jiang, Ding | Cao, Bin | Qian, Lili | Hu, Yamin | Liu, Lu | Yuan, Chuan | Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah | He, Zhixia | Wang, Qian | Zhang, Bo
The present work aimed to study the heterogenous interaction between lignocellulosic bio-char and seaweeds volatiles during co-pyrolysis process using a sectional pyrolysis reactor. Enteromorpha clathrate (EN) and rice husk (HU) were selected as representatives for seaweeds and lignocelluloses, respectively. Physical and chemical properties of the interacted bio-char were studied. In addition, the produced bio-oil was characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC/MS). After interaction with EN volatiles, the yield of interacted solid residue (HU + bio-char) increased in comparison with that of HU bio-char, with pronounced changes in C, N and H contents, suggesting deposition of some volatiles on the bio-char surface. FTIR analysis confirmed that the interaction between volatiles and the unstable highly active spots on the bio-char led to polycondensation reactions which resulted in more aromatic compounds. In addition, XPS spectra showed that the free radicals in EN volatiles play a significant role in removal of oxygen functional groups in HU bio-char. Furthermore, pore structure analysis and SEM confirmed that some micropores (<2 nm) and mesopores (2–50 nm) of the bio-char produced at 550 °C were closed due to organic compounds deposition after interaction with EN volatiles. On the other hand, the produced bio-oil after interaction (EN+) showed higher content of heterocyclic and aromatic compounds which confirms the positive changes of the bio-oil.
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