Identification of the effects of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer on the availability of 11 elements in soils and their supply to ‘Jonathan’ apple trees by using simultaneous multi-element analysis
2019
Matsuoka, Kaori | Moritsuka, Naoki | Nukada, Mitsuhiko | Saitō, Yūichi | Ōno, Yūji | Kusaba, Shinnosuke
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term application of ammoniacal N fertilizer for 43 years on the availability of 10 essential elements (B, N, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and Al in root-zone soils and their supply to ‘Jonathan’ apple trees. To achieve this objective, we used simultaneous multi-element analysis. To estimate the soil depth from which the apple trees took up these elements, we calculated the ratios of their concentrations in the N fertilized plot (N plot) to those in the no N plot (0 N plot) (N/0N ratio). Long-term N fertilization significantly increased the fruit and leaf N/0N ratios of N and Mn and significantly decreased that of K. These ratios in the fruits and leaves were similar to those in the 20–90 cm soil layer. This result suggests that N, K, and Mn in the fruits and leaves were supplied from the 20–90 cm soil layer. The N/0N ratios of all 11 elements in the fruits and leaves were significantly positively correlated with those in the 20–90 cm soil layer, but not in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Our findings indicate that long-term N fertilization altered the tree nutrition of not only N, but also K and Mn. These changes in the tree nutrition were ascribed to the fertilizer-induced changes in the availability of elements in the subsoils.
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