Microbial iron reduction compensates for phosphorus limitation in paddy soils
2022
Wang, Chaoqun | Thielemann, Lukas | Dippold, Michaela A. | Guggenberger, Georg | Kuzyakov, Yakov | Banfield, Callum C. | Ge, Tida | Guenther, Stephanie | Bork, Patrick | Horn, Marcus A. | Dorodnikov, Maxim
Limitation of rice growth by low phosphorus (P) availability is a widespread problem in tropical and subtropical soils because of the high content of iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides. Ferric iron-bound P (Fe(III)-P) can serve as a P source in paddies after Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) and corresponding H₂PO₄⁻ release. However, the relevance of reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-P for plant and microbial P uptake is still an open question. To quantify this, ³²P-labeled ferrihydrite (30.8 mg P kg⁻¹) was added to paddy soil mesocosms with rice to trace the P uptake by microorganisms and plants after Fe(III) reduction. Nearly 2% of ³²P was recovered in rice plants, contributing 12% of the total P content in rice shoots and roots after 33 days. In contrast, ³²P recovery in microbial biomass decreased from 0.5% to 0.08% of ³²P between 10 and 33 days after rice transplantation. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic C content decreased from day 10 to 33 by 8–54% and 68–77%, respectively, suggesting that the microbial-mediated Fe(III) reduction was C-limited. The much faster decrease of MBC in rooted (by 54%) vs. bulk soil (8–36%) reflects very fast microbial turnover in the rice rhizosphere (high C and oxygen inputs) resulting in the mineralization of the microbial necromass. In conclusion, Fe(III)-P can serve as small but a relevant P source for rice production and could partly compensate plant P demand. Therefore, the P fertilization strategies should consider the P mobilization from Fe (oxyhydr)oxides in flooded paddy soils during rice growth. An increase in C availability for microorganisms in the rhizosphere intensifies P mobilization, which is especially critical at early stages of rice growth.
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