Ionic liquid-modified silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles: promising adsorbents for ultra-fast extraction of paraquat from aqueous solution
2016
Latifeh, Farzad | Yamini, Yadollah | Seidi, Shahram
In the present study, ionic liquid-modified silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@IL) were synthesized and applied as adsorbents for extraction and determination of paraquat (PQ) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. For assurance of the extraction efficiency, the obtained results were compared with those obtained by bared magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Experimental design and response surface methodology were used for optimization of different parameters which affect extraction efficiency of paraquat using both adsorbents. Under the optimized conditions, extraction recoveries in the range of 20–25 and 35–40 % with satisfactory repeatability values (RSDs%, n = 4) less than 5.0 % were obtained for bared MNPs and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@IL, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.1 and 0.25 μg/L using Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@IL and bared MNPs, respectively. The linearity was obtained in the range of 0.25 to 25 μg/L and 0.5 to 25 μg/L for Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@IL and bared MNPs, respectively, with the coefficients of determination better than 0.9950. Finally, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@IL was chosen as superior adsorbent due to more dispersion ability, higher extraction recovery, lower detection limit, as well as better linearity and repeatability. Calculated errors (%) were in the range of 3 to 10 % depicting acceptable accuracy for the analysis of PQ by the proposed method. Finally, the method was successfully applied for extraction and determination of PQ in some water and countryside soil samples.
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