Efficacy of Bear Deterrent Spray in Alaska
2008
Smith, Tom S. | Herrero, Stephen | DeBruyn, Terry D. | Wilder, James M.
We present a comprehensive look at a sample of bear spray incidents that occurred in Alaska, USA, from 1985 to 2006. We analyzed 83 bear spray incidents involving brown bears (Ursus arctos; 61 cases, 74%%), black bears (Ursus americanus; 20 cases, 24%%), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus; 2 cases, 2%%). Of the 72 cases where persons sprayed bears to defend themselves, 50 (69%%) involved brown bears, 20 (28%%) black bears, and 2 (3%%) polar bears. Red pepper spray stopped bears' undesirable behavior 92%% of the time when used on brown bears, 90%% for black bears, and 100%% for polar bears. Of all persons carrying sprays, 98%% were uninjured by bears in close-range encounters. All bear-inflicted injuries (n == 3) associated with defensive spraying involved brown bears and were relatively minor (i.e., no hospitalization required). In 7%% (5 of 71) of bear spray incidents, wind was reported to have interfered with spray accuracy, although it reached the bear in all cases. In 14%% (10 of 71) of bear spray incidents, users reported the spray having had negative side effects upon themselves, ranging from minor irritation (11%%, 8 of 71) to near incapacitation (3%%, 2 of 71). Bear spray represents an effective alternative to lethal force and should be considered as an option for personal safety for those recreating and working in bear country.
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